Show HN: I made a calculator that works over disjoint sets of intervals

(victorpoughon.github.io)

125 points | by fouronnes3 6 hours ago

9 comments

  • fouronnes3 6 hours ago
    Author here. Outward rounding to combat precision issues is what interval arithmetic is most known for (try 0.1+0.2 with "full precision mode" enabled), but that's really a shame in my opinion. Outward rounding is cool, but the "inclusion property", as it's known in research papers, works at every scale! This is what enables things like:

         50 * (10 + [-1, 1])
        [450, 550]
    
    which is lovely, I think. Adding the union layer to it enables even cooler things, like the true inverse of the square function. Did you know it's not sqrt? Try 'sqinv(64)'.

    I made interval calculator actually mostly as a way to test my implementation of interval union arithmetic [0], which I needed for another project: a backwards updating spreadsheet [1][2].

    [0] https://github.com/victorpoughon/not-so-float

    [1] https://victorpoughon.github.io/bidicalc/

    [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46234734

  • iamwil 2 hours ago
    This is great. You might be interested in Matt Keeter's work on Implicit surfaces, and using interval math for its optimization:

    https://youtu.be/UxGxsGnbyJ4?si=Oo6Lmc4ACaSr5Dk6&t=1006

  • memalign 2 hours ago
    You might be interested in this graphing calculator I made using interval arithmetic:

    https://memalign.github.io/m/formulagraph/index.html

    Some detail on how this works, including links to the relevant interval math code:

    https://memalign.github.io/p/formulagraph.html

  • _Microft 2 hours ago
    Very nice, thanks for sharing! Maybe show which upper or lower values are included in the intervals? A notation I am familiar with uses outward facing brackets if the value is not included in the interval. That always applies to infinity.

    Applied to the cases here:

    ]-∞, -1] U [0.5, +∞[

    The excluded interval in between becomes ]-1, 0.5[ then.

    That’s how min (and analogously max) works, right? min(A, B) = [lo(A,B), lo (hi(A), hi(B))].

    Edit: idea: copy a formula from the results section to the input field if the user clicks/taps on it.

    • adito 1 hour ago
      From reading the linked paper[0], It explains closed interval only. "An interval union is a set of closed and disjoint intervals where the bounds of the extreme interval can be ±∞".

      [0]: https://www.ime.usp.br/~montanhe/unions.pdf

    • fouronnes3 1 hour ago
      It's possible to support that but it makes the code very very much more complicated. I've decided early on to not support it. Would be a cool addition though!
    • globular-toast 1 hour ago
      I was also a bit confused by this. I thought the standard notation was round brackets, but maybe doesn't work well in ASCII?
      • qbit42 53 minutes ago
        Round brackets are standard in the US but that notation is used in France and some other places.
  • teiferer 43 minutes ago
    The last point in your intro description can't be stressed enough: this allows for safe handling of rounding errors in floating point operations.

    Though you are inherently losing precision: there are values in the output interval which don't have a corresponding input that causes this output.

  • JSR_FDED 1 hour ago
    I just read up on interval arithmetic. I understand its desirable properties. Where in practice have you applied it? What’s a real world application for interval arithmetic?
    • ngruhn 43 minutes ago
      It can be used in static analysis or type checking. E.g.

          if (x >= 0) {
            x += 10
            if (x =< 9) {
              // unreachable 
            }
          }
      
      By maintaining an interval of possible values of x, you can detect the unreachable branch, because the interval becomes empty:

          initial: [-oo, oo]
          x >= 0 : [0, oo]
          x += 10: [10, oo]
          x =< 9 : [10, 9] (empty)
    • nicolodev 27 minutes ago
      It’s astonishing how nobody hasn’t mentioned abstract interpretation yet. Under classical static analysis, if you can “prove” that a variable does not have values in some unsound zones, you can e.g. “prove” soundness or apply further optimizations.

      The interval abstract domain works under interval analysis with an algebra that’s the same of this calculator. It’s funny to implement something like that on source/binary level :)

  • anematode 1 hour ago
    Excellent!! I love interval arithmetic and also wrote a TS implementation for a graphing calculator project. Agree that it's very underrated, and I wish that directed rounding was exposed in more languages.
    • fouronnes3 1 hour ago
      Yeah it's super interesting. Like you said, I learned that the IEEE 754 spec actually requires that complete implementations of floating point numbers expose a way to programmatically choose the rounding mode. As far as I know only C allows you to do that, and even then it depends on hardware support. For JS I had to use ugly typedarray casts. Which kinda only accidentally work due to endianess. But technically there should be an API for it!

      There's other unused stuff in IEEE 754 like that: the inexact bit or signaling NaNs!

  • petters 49 minutes ago
    You could add a feature where it will compute the global optimum of any function of a small number of variables. Branch and bound with interval arithmetic works well for a small number of variables.

    Disjoint unions of intervals seems like a nice thing to have

  • boobsbr 51 minutes ago
    Neat.